Knee arthritis is one of the most common reasons people see an orthopedic surgeon. Understanding what it is can help you make sense of your symptoms and have more informed discussions with your doctor.
What Is Knee Arthritis?
Arthritis means inflammation or degeneration of a joint. In the knee, the most common form is osteoarthritis — often described as "wear and tear." The smooth cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones gradually thins, so the joint becomes less protected.
When the protective cartilage wears away, the underlying bone may become exposed. The body may react with changes such as bone spurs and thickening of the joint lining. These changes can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Why Does It Happen?
There is rarely a single cause. Contributing factors can include:
- Age — the risk increases over time.
- Previous knee injuries.
- Repetitive loading and physical demands on the knee.
- Excess body weight, which increases joint loading.
- Genetics and family history.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms typically develop gradually and may include:
- Pain, especially with activity or after long periods of use.
- Morning stiffness that eases as the joint "warms up."
- Swelling after activity.
- A grinding or catching sensation.
- Difficulty with stairs, walking, or bending.
An Important Note
This article is educational and does not provide a diagnosis. Symptoms of knee problems can overlap, and only a proper clinical evaluation can determine what is going on in your specific case.
How Is It Evaluated?
Evaluation starts with your history and a physical examination. X-rays are the most common first imaging study for suspected arthritis, showing joint-space narrowing and other changes. If more detail is needed, additional imaging may be arranged.
What Are the Options?
Management depends on the severity of your symptoms and your individual situation. Options commonly discussed include:
- Education and activity modification.
- Physiotherapy and strengthening.
- Pain management under medical supervision.
- Weight management where relevant.
- Surgical options, including knee replacement, when non-surgical care is no longer adequate.
If knee pain is affecting your daily life, a consultation can help clarify the situation and outline realistic next steps.
